Radiation

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The third mode of heat transfer is radiation. The transmission of thermal radiation does not require the presence of a propagating medium and, therefore can occur in a vacuum. Thermal radiation is a form of energy emitted by matter at a nonzero temperature and its wavelength is primarily in the range between 0.1 to 10 μm. Emission can be from a solid surface as well as from a liquid or gas. Thermal radiation may be considered to be the propagation of electromagnetic waves or alternately as the propagation of a collection of particles, such as photons or quanta of photons.

Planck distribution, Blackbody fraction.
Opaque Surface Property Definitions, Predictions of real surface properties
Spacecraft thermal design, Solar thermal energy collectors, Selective surface for radiation
Nanoscale surface modification for tailoring radiation properties, Macroscale laser-surface interactions
Radiative heat transfer between two areas, configuration factor, and configuration factor algebra.
Radiosity, Irradiation, and Net Energy Transfer, Gray Surfaces, Nongray Surfaces, Surfaces with Varying Temperature, Radiative Flux, or Properties
Inverse radiation design problem, Regularization for inverse radiation, Unresolved problems in inverse radiation
Absorption, Emission and Scattering from a Medium, Properties of Participating Media, Radiative transfer equation, Some Limiting Solutions for Radiative Transfer
Radiation measurement and remote sensing, Atmospheric Phenomena Caused by Scattering, Pollution and greenhouse effect

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